| The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001. |
| m. Turkmenistan | |
| 1990, Aug. 22 | |
| Turkmenistan declared its sovereignty. | 1 |
| Oct. 27 | |
| Saparmurad Niyazov, first secretary of the Turkmen Communist Party, was unopposed in a direct election for the new post of executive president. | 2 |
| The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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