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| 1921 |
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| Conflict with Panama over the boundary. | 1 |
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| 1924–28 |
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| Ricardo Jiménez (1859–1945), president. | 2 |
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| 1924, Dec. 24 |
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| Costa Rica withdrew from the League of Nations. | 3 |
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| 1928–32 |
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| Cleto González Viquez, president. | 4 |
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| 1932–36 |
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| Ricardo Jiménez again president. During this time the country went through a series of crises due to falling coffee prices and the decline in the Caribbean banana industry (which had peaked in the 1910s). The economy was dominated by two groups: the white or mestizo medium-size coffee growers of the uplands, and owners of the large banana plantations of the coasts. Both of these industries employed mainly black Caribbean immigrants, who organized into leftist labor movements in the late 1920s. With the onset of the crisis of the 1930s, major confrontations between these workers and the landowners were forestalled by a series of laws that allowed unemployed or underemployed workers to occupy public lands and colonize them. | 5 |
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| 1936–40 |
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| Léon Cortés Castro, president. | 6 |
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| 1941, Dec. 8 |
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| Costa Rica declared war on Japan as a consequence of the Japanese attack on the U.S. (See Costa Rica) | 7 |
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