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| b. Lithuania |
| 1917, Sept. 18–22 |
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| A Lithuanian conference at Vilna led to the establishment of a national council and a demand for independence from Russia (Dec. 11). The movement was encouraged by the Germans. | 1 |
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| 1918, Feb. 16 |
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| A FORMAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE resulted. The new state was at once invaded by the Bolsheviks. | 2 |
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| March 3 |
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| The treaty of Brest-Litovsk (See March 3), however, obliged Russia to recognize Lithuanian independence. The Germans also recognized the new state (March 23) and drew it into alliance with Germany (May 14). | 3 |
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| June 4 |
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| Duke William of Urach as king was elected by the Lithuanian government. But when German power collapsed in November, this election was rescinded. | 4 |
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| Nov. 11 |
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| Augustinas Voldemaras formed a national government, the first of many short-lived cabinets. The Germans were obliged to withdraw, whereupon the Bolsheviks again invaded the country. | 5 |
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