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| c. 450 |
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| Perdiccas II (c. 450–413) became king of Macedon. | 1 |
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| 450–449 |
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| Cimon led a large Athenian force to Cyprus to fight the Persians. The Athenians defeated the Persians in the Battle of Salamis (the city in Cyprus, not the island off Attica). The Athenians beseiged the Persians at Citium, but Cimon died of disease (449). Lack of supplies forced the Athenians to return home. | 2 |
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| 450 |
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| Syracuse and Acragas defeated the Sicels under Ducetius at the Battle of Noae. Ducetius was banished to Corinth, and the Sicel federation fell apart. | 3 |
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| 449–448 |
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| SECOND SACRED WAR. Sparta took Delphi from Phocis and made it independent; Athens took it back and restored it to the Phocians. | 4 |
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| 448 |
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| According to some sources, a Peace of Callias (See c. 586–330) was reached between Athens and Persia, in which the Persians gave up the coastline of Asia Minor, and the Athenians agreed not to invade Persian territory. Some scholars consider this the official end of the Persian Wars, although others doubt the existence of a formal treaty. | 5 |
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| 447 |
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| Boeotia revolted from the Delian League, and an inadequate Athenian force was crushed at the Battle of Coronea. Oligarchies were set up in all the Boeotian cities, and the Boeotian League was reestablished. The League was organized on a federal principle: the cities had proportional representation both in the federal assembly and among the magistrates (Boeotarchs) according to population. Troops were also levied in accordance with population size, and there were a federal treasury and coinage. In the same year, Phocis and Locris also quit the Delian League. | 6 |
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| 447 |
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| The Athenians began construction of the Parthenon. | 7 |
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| c. 446 |
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| Athens received a free gift of grain from Egypt, and the citizenship rolls were revised: 5,000 citizens' names were removed from the lists. | 8 |
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| 446 |
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| Revolt of Euboea. Pericles crossed over to Euboea with an army, but a Peloponnesian invasion of the Megarid, which drove out the Athenian garrison there, forced him to return. The Peloponnesians reached Eleusis but came to terms with the Athenians and withdrew. Pericles then crossed back to Euboea, crushed the revolt, and established a cleruchy in Histaiaea. Negotiations with the Spartans continued. | 9 |
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| 446/5 |
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| Over the winter the Athenians and Spartans concluded a Thirty Years' Peace. Megara was returned to the Peloponnesian League, Troezen and Achaea became independent, Aegina was to be a tributary to Athens but autonomous, and disputes were to be settled by arbitration. | 10 |
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| 445 |
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| The failure of the anti-Spartan policy of Pericles led to an attempt to ostracize him, which failed. Instead, the opposition leader Thucydides, son of Melesias (not the historian), was ostracized. Pericles continued to hold undisputed control of Athens. He devoted much of Athens' wealth to fostering its culture, particularly in building and in the arts. | 11 |
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| c. 445 |
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| Syracuse and Acragas fought over the division of territory from the former Sicel federation. Syracuse was victorious and became the recognized leader of Sicily. | 12 |
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