VI. The World Wars and the Interwar Period, 1914–1945 > C. Europe, 1919–1945 > 7. France > 1924
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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
 
1924
 
André Breton (1896–1966) gave definition to the new artistic movement surrealism in his First Surrealist Manifesto. Other surrealists included Louis Aragon (1897–1982) and Paul Eluard (1895–1952).  1
 
Jan
 
A flight in capital caused the franc to fall drastically in the world market, creating an economic crisis. This was caused mainly by the government's refusal to raise taxes enough to cover the continued rise in expenditures. Instead, France handled its debt by securing ever larger loans from the Bank of France. Poincaré was given extraordinary powers to handle the crisis on Feb. 8. The franc regained stability on March 10, but an atmosphere of crisis remained until 1926.  2
 
Jan. 6
 
The Catholic Church was given the right to reoccupy its former property under a system of diocesan associations.  3
 
April 12
 
The National Assembly voted to revise the laws on civil and military pensions, widening the number of pensioners.  4
 
May 11
 
The elections gave the Cartel des Gauches a majority in the chamber, as a result of the failure of Poincaré's policy of coercing Germany. Poincaré resigned.  5
The rise of the Left spurred movement on the Right, including the formation of a new conservative paramilitary group, the Jeunesses patriotes, and the first openly Fascist party, the Faisceau. These entered into competition with existing Rightist groups like the Action française, which were more royalist in conviction. Membership declined in such groups after economic recovery began in 1926.  6
 
June 11
 
Resignation of President Millerand. This was forced by Édouard Herriot, leader of the Radical Socialist Party, the strongest group in the chamber, who refused to form a government while Millerand was president, charging that the president had abandoned the traditional neutrality and had openly sided with the Right.  7
 
Nov. 23
 
Jean Jaurès' remains were transferred to the Panthéon.  8
 
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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