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| 1900 |
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| The Second Philippine Commission under William Howard Taft began to establish American administration. Officially committed to a policy of tutelary colonialism, which envisaged the ultimate independence of the Philippines, the Americans promoted government by conservative, oligarchic Filipino interests. The Partido Federal (Federal Party) was formed, an ilustrado party with U.S. backing. | 1 |
| Filipino resistance was outmatched by American military strength, and Filipino leaders favoring a compromise with the United States, such as those in the Federal Party, gained the upper hand. American pressure helped to divide the wealthier and more educated ilustrados from the plebeian Aguinaldo. | 2 |
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| 1901, March 23 |
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| Aguinaldo captured by Americans. He later declared support for the U.S. | 3 |
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| July 4 |
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| Formal establishment of U.S. civil government in the Philippines under William Howard Taft. Guerrilla resistance continued until 1902. | 4 |
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