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| 1886–90 |
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| Monks, among those who served as leaders under the old regime, took more aggressive political roles in their communities. Desultory guerrilla warfare, far bloodier than any palace coup, continued for years. Resistance arose among minority groups who emphasized their ethnolinguistic identities—the Shans, Kachins, Chins, Wa, and other groups who had been rendered increasingly marginal by British and Burmese administrations. The Shan states were not reduced until 1887 and the Chin Hills not until 1891; more remote areas continued through 1895. | 1 |
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| 1893 |
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| Siamese boundary set by convention. | 2 |
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| 1895 |
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| Agreement with France on the boundary with Cochin China. | 3 |
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| 1900 |
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| Agreement with China finally fixed the Burmese frontier on that side. | 4 |
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| 1906 |
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| Founding of Young Men's Buddhist Association (YMBA) represented the first efforts by the English-trained new elite seeking to bridge old and new social tenets. The modernist elite used the YMBA to reform and modernize Buddhist beliefs and practices under leadership of laymen rather than monks. For example, the Footwear Controversy arose (1916), in which all 50 town branches of the YMBA protested the fact that Europeans and non-Buddhists wore shoes when visiting monasteries and pagodas, seeing this as emblematic of the unequal power relationships embedded in colonialism. (See Burma) | 5 |
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