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| 1912, March 30 |
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| ESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRENCH PROTECTORATE. A special convention signed by Abd al-Hafiz placed the southern two-thirds of Morocco under French protection. A separate Franco-Spanish agreement (Nov. 27) formalized the Spanish protectorate over the northern part of the country. The Moroccan ruler retained the appearances of power, but the country's dealings with other countries were transacted through the French government, with the French resident general exercising local authority. | 1 |
| The protectorate met with vigorous resistance encouraged by Mawlay Abd al-Hafiz. The French resident general, Gen. Lyautey, deposed the ruler and replaced him with his more amenable brother Mawlay Yusuf (1912–27). But it was not until 1934 that the last pockets of resistance in the High Atlas were finally suppressed. | 2 |
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| Sept |
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| The French defeated the forces of the Mauritanian leader Ahmad al-Hiba, who launched a holy war against the French occupation of Morocco. | 3 |
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