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| 1865–70 |
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| Abdallah ibn Faysal ruled as Saudi emir (first reign). | 1 |
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| 1868–71 |
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| Azzan ibn Qays ruled Oman and Muscat. | 2 |
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| 1870–75 |
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| Sa’ud ibn Faysal ruled as Saudi emir, after deposing his brother Abdallah. | 3 |
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| 1871 |
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| Ottoman forces occupied Hasa from the Saudis, as part of a new policy of Ottoman expansion in Arabia. | 4 |
| Sheik Abdallah al-Sabah of Kuwait accepted Ottoman authority over his country. | 5 |
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| 1871–83 |
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| Turki ibn Sa’id ruled Oman and Muscat. | 6 |
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| 1872 |
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| Ottoman forces occupied Asir and most of Yemen, and set up an Ottoman administration for the area, backed by a large military presence. | 7 |
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| 1875–89 |
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| Abdallah ibn Faysal ruled as Saudi emir (second reign). | 8 |
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| 1877 |
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| Treaty of commerce between Muscat and the Netherlands, granting Dutch nationals extraterritorial rights. | 9 |
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| 1880, Dec. 22 |
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| An agreement between the sheik of Bahrain and Britain, in which the sheik surrendered his external sovereignty to Britain. This was the first in a series of such agreements that over the next 26 years brought the sheikdoms along the Arabian coast of the Persian Gulf into a British quasi-protectorate system. | 10 |
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| 1882, May |
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| The ruler of Hadramawt signed a treaty surrendering his external sovereignty to Britain. | 11 |
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| 1883–1913 |
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| Faysal ibn Turki ruled Oman and Muscat. | 12 |
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| 1888 |
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| A British protectorate established in Hadramawt. | 13 |
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