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| 1885, March |
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| Prussia expelled from its eastern provinces all foreign nationals of Polish descent. The Colonization Commission was founded in 1886 to enable Germans to buy land from the Poles in an attempt to push Poles out. It was met with the creation of the Polish League, an expatriate organization with strong links to a growing number of secret societies in Poland, especially among the young. This new political awakening was expressed primarily in an illegal campaign of popular education throughout the kingdom, including a course of higher education for women. | 1 |
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| 1892, May |
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| Troops were called out to suppress a strike in Lódz. | 2 |
| In Prussia, Archbishop Florian Stablewski, under the impetus of the Rerum novarum (See May 15), began to organize the Societies of Polish Workers, opposed to class agitation. | 3 |
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| 1893 |
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| The Polish Socialist Party was founded in the kingdom, led principally by Józef Pilsudski. This party was rivaled by the creation of the internationalist Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland, founded by Rosa Luxemburg and Julian Marchlewski. They differed substantially over the question of Polish independence, the latter claiming to work solely for social revolution. | 4 |
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| 1895 |
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| The Peasant Party was founded in Galicia. | 5 |
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| 1897 |
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| The National Democratic Party was founded in the kingdom of Poland. | 6 |
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| 1905, Jan.–Feb |
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| The October Revolution in Russia sparked a general strike in the kingdom. This was accompanied by a school boycott, ending only in Oct., when the government acquiesced to demands for Polish language schools. The movement then developed into a boycott of Russian schools, lasting until 1914. | 7 |
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| June |
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| A stike in Lódz led to violence and the first erection of barricades in the Russian Empire. | 8 |
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| Dec |
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| A workers' uprising in the kingdom ended in failure, just as it did in Moscow. | 9 |
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