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| The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001. |
| 1864, Sept. 15 | |
| The September Convention. Napoleon agreed to evacuate Rome within two years (beginning on Feb. 5, 1865), and the Italians promised to move their capital from Turin to Florence. | 1 |
| Dec. 8 | |
| Pope Pius promulgated the encyclical Quanta cura and the appended Syllabus errorum. These documents censured pantheism, naturalism, nationalism, socialism, communism, freemasonry, and so on, and claimed the church's full control of education, culture, and science. Pius denounced freedom of conscience and worship, and claimed church independence from state control and the necessity of the continuance of the temporal power of the Roman See. | 2 |
| The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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