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| 1849, Jan |
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| The constituent assembly was popularly elected in Rome, and new elections in Piedmont returned a democratic majority. Charles Albert had appointed a democratic cabinet in Dec., which had dissolved the Parliament. In March, the Piedmontese government renounced the armistice with Austria and moved into Lombardy. | 1 |
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| Feb. 9 |
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| The assembly in Rome overthrew papal authority, proclaimed the Republic and ended Catholic control of the universities. The pope officially appealed to Catholic powers for assistance (Feb. 18). | 2 |
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| March 23 |
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| The Austrians defeated Piedmont at Novara, and the Piedmontese had to sue for peace within a week. Charles Albert abdicated in favor of Victor Emmanuel, who appointed Massimo d'Azeglio, a liberal, as prime minister. This move, combined with d'Azeglio's willingness to dissolve Parliament until he had a stable majority, established liberalism in Piedmont. | 3 |
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| April 24 |
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| Gen. Nicolas Oudinot, with a French force of 10,000 men, landed on the Italian coast and marched for Rome. He met no resistance until he reached the gates of the city. | 4 |
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| May 4 |
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| Austrians began bombarding Venice's garrisons, and food riots broke out in the city in June. | 5 |
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| May 15 |
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| Neapolitan troops reconquered Sicily. | 6 |
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| June 2 |
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| Oudinot laid siege to Rome while Roman soldiers were urged on by Mazzini and Garibaldi until, on June 30, the Roman Parliament voted against Mazzini, who left the city with troops loyal to him. These troops were decimated. | 7 |
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| July 1 |
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| France occupied Rome and reestablished the pope, dissolving the Parliament. The pope, against French wishes, created a conservative government. | 8 |
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| July |
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| Austrians began bombarding Venice proper. Cholera and typhus epidemics broke out in the city as famine increased. | 9 |
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| July 28 |
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| The grand duke of Tuscany was restored. | 10 |
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| Aug. 6 |
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| The assembly gave Manin leave to negotiate with the Austrians. | 11 |
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| Aug. 28 |
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| Venice surrendered, and Austria resumed control. The Italian revolutions came to an end. (See The Unification of Italy) | 12 |
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