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| The Encyclopedia of World History. 2001. |
| 1849 | |
| Jan. Windischgrätz occupied Budapest, but then was pushed back by Gen. Görgei and the Hungarian army. | 1 |
| April 13–14 | |
| Hungarian independence declared with Kossuth as “governor-president.” | 2 |
| June–August | |
| The Russian tsar, whose troops were moving through Cracow, announced that he would send his army into Hungary. Russian and Austrian invasions were joined by risings of Serb and Romanian minorities. Kossuth's claims died under military repression (final surrender, Aug. 13, by Görgei), and Vienna executed 13 generals despite promises of leniency. (See The Austrian Empire) | 3 |
| The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. | |
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