| 27 B.C.–14 C.E. | Augustus (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) |
| 14–37 | Tiberius (Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar) |
| 37–41 | Caligula (Gaius Claudius Nero Caesar Germanicus) |
| 41–54 | Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Drusus) |
| 54–68 | Nero (Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus Claudius Drusus) |
| 68–69 | Galba (Servius Sulpicius Galba) |
| 69 | Otho (Marcus Salvius Otho) |
| 69 | Vitellius (Aulus Vitellius Germanicus) |
| 69–79 | Vespasian (Titus Flavius Vespasianus) |
| 79–81 | Titus (Titus Flavius Vespasianus) |
| 81–96 | Domitian (Titus Flavius Domitianus) |
| 96–98 | Nerva (Marcus Cocceius Nerva) |
| 98–117 | Trajan (Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus) |
| 117–38 | Hadrian (Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus) |
| 138–61 | Antoninus Pius (Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius) |
| 161 (146)–80 | Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Annius Aurelius Verus) |
| 161–69 | Lucius Aurelius Verus (Lucius Ceionius Commodus Verus) |
| 180 (177)–92 | Commodus (Lucius Aelius Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Commodus) |
| 193 | Pertinax (Publius Helvius Pertinax) |
| 193 | Didius Julian (Marcus Didius Salvius Julianus Severus) |
| 193–211 | Septimius Severus (Lucius Septimius Severus) |
| 211 (198)–17 | Caracalla (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Bassianus Caracallus) |
| 209–11 | Geta (Publius Septimius Geta) |
| 217–18 | Macrinus (Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus) |
| 218–22 | Elagabalus (Marcus Varius Avitus Bassianus Aurelius Antoninus Heliogabalus) |
| 222–35 | Alexander Severus (Marcus Alexianus Bassianus Aurelius Severus Alexander) |
| 235–38 | Maximin (Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus “Thrax”) |
| 238 | Gordian I (Marcus Antonius Gordianus) |
| 238 | Gordian II |
| 238 | Pupienus (Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus) |
| 238 | Balbinus (Decimus Caelius Balbinus) |
| 238–44 | Gordian III (Marcus Antonius Gordianus) |
| 244–49 | Philipp “Arabs” (Marcus Julius Philippus “Arabs”) |
| 249–51 | Decius (Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius) |
| 251 | Hostilian (Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus) |
| 251–53 | Gallus (Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus) |
| 253 | Aemilian (Marcus Julius Aemilius Aemilianus) |
| 253–59 | Valerian (Gaius Publius Licinius Valerianus) |
| 259 (253)–68 | Gallienus (Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus) |
| 268–70 | Claudius II (Marcus Aurelius Claudius Gothicus) |
| 270 | Quintillus (Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus) |
| 270–75 | Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus) |
| 275–76 | Tacitus (Marcus Claudius Tacitus) |
| 276 | Florian (Marcus Annius Florianus) |
| 276–82 | Probus (Marcus Aurelius Probus) |
| 282–83 | Carus (Marcus Aurelius Carus) |
| 283–84 | Numerian (Marcus Aurelius Numerius Numerianus) |
| 283–85 | Carinus (Marcus Aurelius Carinus) |
| 284–305 | Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocles Jovius) |
| 286–305 | Maximian (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus Herculius) |
| 305 (293)–306 | Constantius I (Flavius Valerius Constantius Chlorus) |
| 305 (293)–311 | Galerius (Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus) |
| 306–7 | Severus (Flavius Valerius Severus) |
| 306–8 | Maximian (second reign) |
| 306–12 | Maxentius (Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius) |
| 308–13 | Maximinus Daia (Galerius Valerius Maximinus Daia) |
| 311 (307)–24 | Licinius (Gaius Flavius Valerius Licinianus Licinius) |
| 311 (306)–37 | Constantine I, the Great (Flavius Valerius Constantinus) |
| 337–40 | Constantine II (Flavius Valerius Claudius Constantinus) |
| 337–61 | Constantius II (Flavius Valerius Julius Constantius) |
| 337–50 | Constans (Flavius Valerius Julius Constans) |
| 361–63 | Julian, the Apostate (Flavius Claudius Julianus) |
| 363–64 | Jovian (Flavius Jovianus) |
| 364–75 | Valentinian I (Flavius Valentinianus, in the West) |
| 364–78 | Valens (in the East) |
| 375 (367)–83 | Gratian (Flavius Graatianus Augustus, in the West) |
| 375–92 | Valentinian II (Flavius Valentinianus, in the West) |
| 379–95 | Theodosius, the Great (Flavius Theodosius, in the East, and, after 392, in the West) |
| 383–88 | Maximus (Magnus Clemens Maximus) |
| 392–94 | Eugenius |
| 395 (383)–408 | Arcadius (in the East) |
| 395 (393)–423 | Honorius (Flavius Honorius, in the West) |
| 421 | Constantius III |
| 423–25 | Johannes |
| 408 (402)–50 | Theodosius II (in the East) |
| 425–55 | Valentinian III (Flavius Placidius Valentinianus, in the West) |
| 450–57 | Marcian (Marcianus, in the East) |
| 455 | Petronius (Flavius Ancius Petronius Maximus, in the West) |
| 455–56 | Avitus (Flavius Maecilius Eparchus Avitus, in the West) |
| 457–61 | Majorian (Julius Valerius Maioranus, in the West) |
| 457–74 | Leo I (Leo Thrax, Magnus, in the East) |
| 461–65 | Severus (Libius Severianus Severus, in the West) |
| 467–72 | Anthemius (Procopius Anthemius, in the West) |
| 472 | Olybrius (Anicius Olybrius, in the West) |
| 473 | Glycerius (in the West) |
| 473–75 | Julius Nepos (in the West) |
| 473–74 | Leo II (in the East) |
| 474–91 | Zeno (in the East) |
| 475–76 | Romulus Augustulus (Flavius Momyllus Romulus Augustus, in the West) |
