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| 1978, July 1 |
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| The Northern Territory, a Commonwealth territory, was granted self-government. | 1 |
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| 1980, June |
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| The world's oldest known fossil, a 3.5 billion-year-old bacterium, was found near Marble Bar, Western Australia. | 2 |
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| 1983, Feb. 16 |
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| In Australia's worst natural disaster, Ash Wednesday bush fires killed 71 people and destroyed $400 million worth of property in Victoria and South Australia. | 3 |
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| March 5 |
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| The Labour Party under Bob Hawke defeated Malcolm Fraser's Liberal-National Party coalition in a federal election. | 4 |
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