| ARMY COUP. The political situation rapidly deteriorated early in 1960. The government closed the universities in response to student demonstrations. Most domestic newspapers were suspended for printing harsh criticism of government policies. Many complaints concerned the economy, which had recently been subjected to austerity measures from the International Monetary Fund to curb inflation and reduce the government deficit. Many military officers were upset with what they regarded as civilian neglect of the military and the government's use of the army to suppress political opposition. The government further antagonized its opposition by launching an investigation into the RPP's internal affairs. Both the army and the RPP believed that the Democrats had overstepped their authority. After ignoring an ultimatum (May 3) from the army for political reforms and the resignation of the president, the Democratic government was overthrown. The army soon restored civilian rule (Nov. 13) and resumed its self-appointed role as guardian of Republican values. The Democratic Party was outlawed, former prime minister Menderes was executed, and a number of Democratic officials were thrown into jail. | 2 |
