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| 1991, Jan. 16 |
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| The coalition forces, under the command of U.S. general Norman Schwarzkopf, began bombing raids on Baghdad and military sites elsewhere in Iraq. The ground offensive, involving 700,000 troops, commenced on Feb. 23 and quickly overcame Iraqi resistance in Kuwait and southern Iraq. After four days of fighting, the U.S. and allied troops halted their advance and allowed the remnants of the Iraqi army to escape into central Iraq. | 1 |
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| April 6 |
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| The U.S. and its allies established a safe haven for Kurds in northern Iraq. | 2 |
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| Sept. 10 |
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| The Arab League moved its headquarters back to Cairo. | 3 |
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| Oct. 30 |
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| Opening of the Madrid peace conference. For the first time in the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict, Israeli and Arab negotiators (Palestinians, Lebanese, Syrians, and Jordanians) met face-to-face to discuss the terms of a peace settlement. Israel still refused to meet with representatives of the PLO, and Palestinian delegates were not allowed to have official ties to the organization. | 4 |
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