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| 1991 |
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| NEW STATES EMERGING. In the Soviet Union, the process of disintegration was relatively orderly. Early in the year, power-sharing arrangements were developed and these were quickly passed. By September the Baltic republics were already new members of the United Nations. The remaining republics signed an agreement of economic cooperation (Oct.), and in December created the Commonwealth of Independent States. In YUGOSLAVIA, the disintegration involved conflict. Croatia and Slovenia declared independence by the end of the year, and open civil war among the various ethnic groups began in some areas. | 1 |
| Aung San Suu Kyi, the leader of the democratic opposition in Myanmar, received the Nobel Peace Prize. | 2 |
| Nadine Gordimer, South African novelist and opponent of apartheid, received the Nobel Prize for literature. | 3 |
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| Jan.–Feb |
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| In January the UN forces, led by the United States, attacked Iraqi positions in Kuwait and bombed targets throughout Iraq. The military victory of the UN forces came rapidly, and at the end of February U.S. president Bush declared the war to be over. | 4 |
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| Feb |
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| The Warsaw Pact states voted to dissolve the organization's military structures. | 5 |
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| Aug |
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| Ontario Native Americans and Ontario provincial officials signed an agreement recognizing the right of self-government for the Native Americans in the province. | 6 |
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