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| 1935 |
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| Sakdalista revolt of activists who thought the new constitution would favor entrenched interests. A plebiscite that ratified the constitution was held a few days after the revolt's suppression. Quezon was elected president in June, with Osmena as vice president. | 1 |
| A COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT established in November. The U.S. retained control of currency and foreign relations, including defense. The U.S. and the Philippines negotiated the formation of a national army, with the U.S. seeking to preserve its security interests in Asia. | 2 |
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| 1937 |
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| The Communist Party legalized again, merging with the Socialist Party in the following year. Tagalog made the national language. Formation of the Partido Nacionalista, a fusion of the parties of Osmena and Quezon. | 3 |
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| 1938, Nov. 8 |
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| Quezon reelected despite criticism of his dictatorial practices. Calls for immediate independence declined, partly because of fear of Japanese expansionism. | 4 |
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| 1939 |
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| Suffrage extended to women. | 5 |
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| 1941 |
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| Constitution amended to establish a bicameral system. The presidential term was extended to permit two terms of four years, allowing Quezon to hold on to power. | 6 |
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| Dec. 8 |
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| Japan attacked the Philippines. | 7 |
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