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| 1923, Feb. 4 |
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| The newly founded (Feb. 2) general union of railway workers along the Wuhan-Beijing line called a general strike. Militarist Wu Peifu (1874–1939) sent his troops in to break it up; 35 workers were killed (Feb. 7), and the strike ended (Feb. 9). | 1 |
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| 1924, Jan. 21 |
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| The first Guomindang national congress convened in Guangzhou, with Sun as president, admitted Communists into the party, and accepted Soviet advisers, notably Borodin, who proceeded to reorganize the GMD along Soviet lines of democratic centralism, which tended to strengthen the leader and party discipline. Lenin's death that month was announced, and Sun hailed him. Jiang Jieshi, himself trained in Japan, was named to head German and Soviet instructors in the new Huangpu (Whampoa) Military Academy (June) near Guangzhou; Zhou Enlai was named head of the political department of that institution. Sun presented his platform in a series of lectures entitled “Three Principles of the People” (“San min zhuyi”), namely, nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood, which he had initially laid out in 1907 and which now became the GMD's official line. | 2 |
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| May 31 |
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| The Soviet Union, in fulfillment of its repudiation (July 1919 and Sept. 27, 1920) of the tsar's ill-gotten gains at China's expense, gave up extraterritoriality, concessions at Tianjin and Hankou, and the rest of the Boxer indemnity, to be used for education under Russian veto. The Chinese Eastern Railway was placed under joint management. | 3 |
| Despite Japanese objections to competition with the South Manchurian Railway, the Chinese built two lines, Dahushan to Dongliao, and Jilin to Hailong. | 4 |
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| Sept. 17 |
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| The China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture was created with the U.S.$6 million remitted by the United States (May 21) from the Boxer indemnity balance. The foundation made annual grants for scientific education, and housed and built up the national library extensively. | 5 |
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