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| 1929–31 |
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| Religious reform movements linked personal behavior to public statements of community. The Tanzim movement urged Muslims to become good, practicing Muslims through marches, prayer, and charitable activities. The Tabligh movement linked training in physical fitness for community defense with being a good Muslim. The Arya Samaj fostered equivalent movements for many Hindus: the Shuddhi movement provided new rituals for lapsed Hindus (especially Untouchables or Muslims) to reenter the Hindu fold (and hence to be counted as “Hindus” for political purposes); the Sangathan movement trained Hindus for militant community defense. | 1 |
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| 1929, March 15 |
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| Thirty-one Communist leaders arrested for sedition: their trial, the Meerut conspiracy case, lasted four years and aroused widespread public sympathy. | 2 |
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| Oct. 31 |
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| The viceroy announced that a round-table conference would be opened with the objective of dominion status, but Conservative opposition in Britain prevented his making a firm pledge. | 3 |
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