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| 1935 |
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| Conflict between the Conservative government of Justo and the opposition Radical and Socialist parties, which represented the majority of voters. Fascist organizations also opposed the government and formed a common front of the extreme Right (Oct.). | 1 |
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| 1936, March |
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| In congressional elections, the Radical Party, under the leadership of former president Alvear, triumphed. A Leftist Popular Front was organized (May 1), but Fascist groups continued to gain ground. The rightist elements supporting the government formed a National Front, favoring a conservative dictatorship (May 31). The Communist Party was declared illegal (Nov. 10). | 2 |
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| 1937, Sept. 5 |
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| Presidential elections, bitterly contested. Roberto M. Ortiz, candidate of the government, was elected over the nominee of the Radical Party, Alvear. Efforts of the leftist parties to prevent a quorum in a joint session of congress to confirm the election failed, and Ortiz was proclaimed elected. | 3 |
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| 1938–40 |
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| Roberto M. Ortiz, president. | 4 |
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| 1939, Sept. 4 |
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| Argentina proclaimed neutrality in the Second World War. | 5 |
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| 1942, July 6 |
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| President Ramón S. Castillo announced that the republic would maintain its policy of neutrality. | 6 |
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| 1943, June 5 |
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| The isolationist regime of President Castillo was overthrown by a military junta. The congress was dissolved and a new government formed by Gen. Pedro P. Ramírez (June 8). | 7 |
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| Oct |
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| COL. JUAN DOMINGO PERÓN (1895–1974) took over the Department of Labor and elevated it to the Ministry of Labor and Welfare. From this position he orchestrated a meteoric rise in popularity, especially among the workers. Using strongly nationalist sentiment and granting concessions to the labor movement, he forged an alliance with the unions, while trying to avoid alienating big business. | 8 |
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