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| 222 |
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| Antigonus formed a new Hellenic League and crushed Cleomenes at the Battle of Sellasia (222). Cleomenes fled to Egypt. Antigonus abolished the Spartan kingship, restored the ephors, and forced Sparta into his league. | 1 |
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| 221–178 |
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| Philip V, son of Demetrius II, succeeded Antigonus III. At his instigation the Hellenic League assembled at Corinth to declare the Social War. | 2 |
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| 219–217 |
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| The Social War against the Aetolians. The war was engineered by Aratus. Philip and his allies fought the Aetolians and their allies, Elis and Sparta. At Sparta an anti-Macedonian faction tried to recall Cleomenes. When he was slain in Egypt, the Spartans nevertheless restored the dual kingship. | 3 |
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| 217 |
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| The Peace of Naupactus was negotiated between the discouraged Aetolians and Philip, who wanted freedom to act against Rome and secure Illyria. | 4 |
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| 215–205 |
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| In the FIRST MACEDONIAN WAR Philip V of Macedon attempted to help Hannibal and the Carthaginians against Rome, but a Roman fleet in the Adriatic prevented him from crossing to Italy and the Romans secured the support of the Aetolian League and Pergamum (212), as well as of Elis, Mantinea, and Sparta. When the Achaean League under Philopoemen (since the murder of Aratus in 213) slew the Spartan regent, Machanidas, at Mantinea (207), Nabis became regent and soon, by deposing young Pelops, king. The Greeks came to terms with Philip in 206, and Rome accepted the settlement by the Peace of Phoenice (205). | 5 |
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| 203–200 |
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| Philip, allied with Antiochus III against Egypt (203), began operations in the Aegean, but was defeated by Rhodes, Byzantium, and Attalus of Pergamum in the Battle of Chios (201). | 6 |
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| 200–196 |
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| The SECOND MACEDONIAN WAR arose from an appeal by Attalus and Rhodes to Rome (201). When Philip refused to keep the peace, many Greek states joined Rome (200–198), and Flamininus defeated Philip at Cynoscephalae (197) and proclaimed the freedom of Greece at the Isthmian Games (196). Flamininus then campaigned against Nabis of Sparta (above), who had carried through agrarian reforms (207–204) and expanded his power in the Peloponnese, especially by acquiring Argos (198). He now lost Argos and much of Laconia and was placed under the supervision of the Achaean League (195). Upon the murder of Nabis (192), Sparta was forced into the Achaean League by Rome, and Messene and Elis soon joined, so that the league controlled all the Peloponnese. | 7 |
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| 192–189 |
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| The Aetolians declared war on Rome and secured the support of Antiochus III with a small force. The Achaeans and Philip supported Rome. The Romans drove Antiochus back to Asia in the Battle of Thermopylae (191), and the Aetolians were finally made subject allies of Rome by M. Fulvius Nobilior (189). | 8 |
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| 189–181 |
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| Philopoemen humbled Sparta but lost his life in suppressing a revolt in Messenia (183). His successor in the Achaean League, Callicrates, was subservient to Rome and allowed Sparta to revive. | 9 |
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| 179–167 |
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| Perseus became king of Macedon on the death of his father Philip V. He had already persuaded Philip to execute his pro-Roman brother Demetrius, and now Eumenes II of Pergamum laid charges against him at Rome. | 10 |
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| 171–167 |
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| In the THIRD MACEDONIAN WAR Perseus was crushed by Aemilius Paullus at Pydna (168). He later died in captivity in Italy, and the Antigonids came to an end. Rome made Macedon into four unrelated republics, paying a moderate yearly tribute (167). In Aetolia, 500 anti-Romans were slain. One thousand hostages, including the historian Polybius, were taken from Achaea to Italy. | 11 |
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| 149–148 |
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| The FOURTH MACEDONIAN WAR was begun by Andriscus, who pretended to be a son of Perseus. On his defeat, Macedon became a Roman province (148). | 12 |
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