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| 651 (Or 628) |
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| Colonists from Megara Hyblaea established Selinus. This was the Sicilian Greek colony that was closest to the Phoenician cities and at times joined the Phoenicians against its fellow Greeks. | 1 |
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| 580 |
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| Gela founded Acragas in southwest Sicily, which became larger and wealthier than its metropolis. | 2 |
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| c. 580 |
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| An attempt by the Spartan Pentathlus to colonize western Sicily was defeated by the Elymians and Carthaginians. | 3 |
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| c. 570–554 |
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| Phalaris, tyrant of Acragas, pursued a policy of extreme repression and ruthless expansion. | 4 |
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| c. 550 |
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| The Carthaginian Malchus campaigned, with some success, against the Sicilian Greeks. | 5 |
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| 535 |
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| In the naval Battle of Alalia the Carthaginians and Etruscans defeated Phocaean settlers from Corsica and forced them to abandon their colony. Shortly thereafter Massalia defeated Carthage and limited Carthaginian influence in the northwestern Mediterranean. | 6 |
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| c. 530 |
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| Pythagoras founded his sect of mystical philosophy at Croton. The details of his life and his teachings are obscured by legend, but a belief in reincarnation, numerology, and dietary restrictions were involved. By 510, the Pythagoreans had seized political control of Croton. | 7 |
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| 510 |
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| Internal dissensions in Sybaris allowed Croton to defeat it. Sybaris was sacked and a river diverted over its site. The Spartan Dorieus, who had allied himself with Croton, tried to colonize western Sicily but was killed by the Segestans and Phoenicians. | 8 |
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