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| 1904–9 |
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| Gen. Rafael Reyes succeeded Marroquín and gave positions to liberals. Protectionist measures allowed a textile industry to develop in Antioquia, which attracted female workers. Labor unions and mutual aid societies formed in Bogotá. Reyes was forced to resign when he recognized Panama's independence. | 1 |
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| 1910–14 |
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| Carlos Restrepo sought to establish a bipartisan government. Gen. Rafael Uribe y Uribe reorganized the Liberal Party. | 2 |
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| 1914–18 |
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| José Vicente Concha succeeded Restrepo. An Indian rebellion broke out in Cauca to recover community lands (1914–16). A census of 1912 registered a population of 5,072,604. | 3 |
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| 1914 |
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| With the Thomson-Urrutia Treaty, the U.S. agreed to pay Colombia $25 million, and Colombia recognized Panama's independence. | 4 |
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| 1918 |
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| General strike of workers on the Atlantic coast and labor riots in the ports led to a state of siege. (See Colombia) | 5 |
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