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| 1875–76 |
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| Withdrawal of Brazilian troops. Negotiations with Argentina resulted in the Machaín-Yrigoyen Treaty, which ceded part of the Chaco and submitted Villa Occidental to arbitration. Land sales benefited Uruguayan and Argentine capitalists. | 1 |
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| 1877 |
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| Assassination of ex-president Gill. Higinio Uriarte assumed the presidency. | 2 |
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| 1878–80 |
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| Cándido Bareiro was elected president but died in 1880. The U.S. supported Paraguay's claim to the Chaco. | 3 |
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| 1880–86 |
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| Gen. Caballero assumed the presidency after forcing the vice president to resign. Under Caballero, land sales allowed the creation of huge latifundia. | 4 |
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| 1886–90 |
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| Gen. Patricio Escobar assumed the presidency. Liberal and Colorado Parties were institutionalized, but colorados continued to control elections and repress Liberals. | 5 |
| In 1889, the national university was founded. Railway workers went on strike for higher wages (1889). | 6 |
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| 1890–94 |
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| Repression against Liberals secured the election of colorado leader Juan Gualberto González. | 7 |
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| 1894–98 |
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| Gen. Juan Bautista Egúzquiza assumed the presidency through a coup d'état. He was a moderate colorado. | 8 |
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| 1898–1902 |
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| Presidency of civilian Emilio Aceval was designated by Egúzquiza. | 9 |
| In 1900, a census demonstrated that demographic balance between the sexes had been reestablished. The total population amounted to 635,571. | 10 |
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| 1904–8 |
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| Liberal revolt unseated colorados. Liberals reorganized the army. Colorados and Liberals agreed to free elections. Juan Bautista Gaona was elected president, but the Liberal cívico faction deposed him and imposed Cecilio Báez in 1905. In 1906, Benigno Ferreira assumed the presidency as a result of a Liberal coalition. Bolivia occupied Chaco territory. In 1907, Paraguay and Bolivia agreed to arbitration by Argentina. Founding of anarchist Federación Obrera Regional Paraguaya (Paraguayan Regional Labor Federation). | 11 |
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| 1908–12 |
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| A series of conflicts between cívicos, led by Maj. Albino Jara, and radicals of the Liberal Party, caused several regime changes. In 1912, a cívico rebellion was defeated at Paraguarí, and Jara was killed. Alberto Schaerer, a civilian leader of radicals, became president. (See Paraguay) | 12 |
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