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| 1904–10 |
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| Roca imposed Manuel Quintana as president (1904–6). He died in 1906, and vice president Vicente Figueroa Alcorta assumed the presidency (1906–10). Anarchism grew more powerful with the foundation of the Federación Obrera Regional Argentina (FORA). | 1 |
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| 1910–14 |
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| Administration of Roque Sáenz Peña. Congress approved the Law of Social Defense, aimed at dismantling the labor movement. Paramilitary groups attacked working-class neighborhoods. The Sáenz Peña Law (1912) established universal suffrage and secret ballot for men over age 18. | 2 |
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| 1914 |
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| A census gave a total population of 7.8 million, 1.5 million in the city of Buenos Aires. Eighty percent of the population were immigrants or children of immigrants. Income per capita was higher than in several European countries, but living conditions in the interior were much poorer. Women in urban and rural areas found few job opportunities; some were coerced into prostitution. | 3 |
| Death of Sáenz Peña; vice president Victorino de la Plaza assumed the presidency. | 4 |
| World War I broke out. Argentina remained neutral. (See Argentina) | 5 |
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