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| 1888 |
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| Presidential campaign. Cleveland (Democrat) against Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) (Republican). The tariff was the dominant issue. Although Cleveland had a popular plurality, he lost the election, receiving 168 electoral votes to 233 for Harrison. | 1 |
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| 1889, March 4–1893, March 4 |
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| BENJAMIN HARRISON, 23d president. | 2 |
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| 1889 |
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| Jane Addams (1860–1935) founded Hull House in Chicago. Thereafter, the settlement house movement flourished, particularly after Lillian D. Wald (1867–1940) founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1895. Middle-class women hoped to mitigate the difficulties of the working class, particularly immigrants, by acting as amateur social workers. | 3 |
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| April 22 |
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| Oklahoma was opened to settlement. The territory of Oklahoma was organized in 1890. The movement into the trans-Mississippi country led to the admission of some of the last states to the Union: Nevada (1864); Nebraska (1867); Colorado (1876); North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Montana (1889); Wyoming and Idaho (1890); Utah (1896); Oklahoma (1907); New Mexico and Arizona (1912). | 4 |
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| Oct. 2 |
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| FIRST PAN-AMERICAN CONFERENCE convened at Washington, D.C. The idea of closer relations among the nations of the Western Hemisphere, with the United States playing the role of an elder sister, had long been in the mind of James G. Blaine (1830–93). The conference rejected Blaine's plan of reciprocity and refused to adopt a convention calling for the promotion of peace by arbitration, but established the Pan-American Union, a bureau of information. | 5 |
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