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| 1801–2 |
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| Repeal of the internal revenue taxes and of the Judiciary Act of the Adams administration. | 1 |
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| 1803 |
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| Ohio admitted as the 17th state, and the first state to be carved out of the Old Northwest. It had been preceded into the Union by Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792), and Tennessee (1796). The planting of these settlements aroused the Indians to opposition. By the Treaty of Greenville (1795), the Indians ceded all but the northwest corner of Ohio, thereby paving the way for the increased settlement leading to the admission to statehood. | 2 |
| Marbury v. Madison became the case in which John Marshall established the principle of judicial review of acts of Congress by declaring a section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. | 3 |
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| April 30 |
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| THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. In 1800 Spain had retroceded Louisiana to France. The failure of Napoleon's army to reconquer Santo Domingo (Haiti), combined with the ominous turn of events in Europe, caused Napoleon to lose interest in a colonial empire in North America. He therefore sold Louisiana to the United States for 80 million francs, thereby doubling the size of the country. Louisiana included the area between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, plus the island on which New Orleans stands. The southern boundary of Louisiana was not finally settled until the Treaty of 1819. | 4 |
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