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| 7. Regional Movements |
| a. Macedonia |
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| As the Ottoman Empire weakened in the 19th century, regions like Macedonia became the scene of nationalist movements based in Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece. Each saw Macedonia within their natural frontiers. Many of these efforts focused on building national consciousness among the Macedonians through schools and the church. Tensions heightened in the 1890s, however, to include open revolt. | 1 |
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| 1893 |
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| The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) was formed to work for an autonomous Macedonia. Unlike the Supreme Macedonian Committee, which favored outright union with Bulgaria, IMRO, as the first indigenous movement in Macedonia, sought autonomy and eventual membership in a Bulgarian federation. IMRO also opposed outside efforts at insurrection in Macedonia, favoring only revolt from the Macedonians themselves. | 2 |
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| 1894 |
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| Formation of the Supreme Macedonian Committee, following a period of repression in Bulgaria. By 1900, IMRO had gained control of this organization. | 3 |
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| 1895 |
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| Formation of the External Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, with headquarters in Sofia. | 4 |
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| June |
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| Beginning of raids into Macedonia, from Bulgaria (Boris Sarafov, leader). | 5 |
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