V. The Modern Period, 1789–1914 > B. The French Revolution and Europe, 1789–1914 > 7. Western and Central Europe, 1848–1914 > h. Central Europe > 3. Austria-Hungary
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  The Encyclopedia of World History.  2001.
 
 
3. Austria-Hungary
 
The dualistic system strengthened Emperor Francis Joseph's position in foreign policy but caused intense problems in domestic policies. It also left unresolved issues of national differences that undermined efforts at solidarity among parties and within social movements.  1
 
a. Austria
 
Ministers: Count Adolf Auersperg (Dec. 1867–Jan. 1870) represented German liberals and stressed anticlericalism. Count Karl Hohenwart (Feb.–Oct. 25, 1871) represented federalist groups and tried to achieve greater autonomy for the various nationalities. Count Hohenwart returned (Nov. 1871–78) and maintained power until the Liberals fell. Count Eduard Taaffe (Aug. 1879–Oct. 29, 1893) ruled with a coalition of Czechs, Poles, German Conservatives, and Clericals (Iron Ring). Count Casimir Badeni (Sept. 1895–97), a Polish landlord, followed. Ernst von Körber (Jan. 1900–Dec. 1904) governed by decree with a ministry of officials and was followed by numerous other ministries without parliamentary majorities.  2
 
1868, May 25
 
The May Laws established secular jurisdiction in marriage issues and the principle of secular control in education.  3
 
1869–70
 
Workers gained a limited right to strike and to organize in unions.  4
 
1870, July 30
 
The 1855 Concordat with the papacy was suspended in reply to the proclamation of the dogma of papal infallibility.  5
 
1871
 
Effort to establish a Bohemian and Austrian agreement similar to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise was rejected by the emperor. Hohenwart was forced to resign.  6
 
1873, March 10
 
Electoral reforms introduced direct election to the Parliament.  7
 
March
 
Stock market crash, caused by overconfidence and speculation, exposed corruption within the government.  8
 
 
 
The Encyclopedia of World History, Sixth edition. Peter N. Stearns, general editor. Copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Maps by Mary Reilly, copyright © 2001 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

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