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| 1906 |
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| Charles Sherrington (1861–1952) described in The Integrative Action of the Nervous System the properties of the synapse and the complex integration of reflexes in behavior. | 1 |
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| 1907 |
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| Ross G. Harrison (1870–1959) announced a technique for culturing tissue cells outside of the body. | 2 |
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| 1909 |
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| Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915) showed that the synthetic compound Salvarsan was an effective treatment for syphilis. This discovery was a tremendous stimulus to the field of chemotherapy. In 1935 Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964) made the fundamental discovery that led to the introduction and widespread use of sulfa drugs. | 3 |
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| 1911 |
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| Thomas H. Morgan (1866–1945) claimed that certain traits were genetically linked on the chromosome, thus visualizing a linear arrangement of genes and stimulating the construction of genetic maps. (See Science) | 4 |
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